MODELLING THE AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS BY EARLY SOCIAL ISOLATION IN RATS
Shabanov P.D., Egereva E.A., Lebedev A.A.
UDC: 615.035.4
Abstract: Objective. To create a rat autism model by means of rearing in conditions of social isolation and experimental assessment of effects of neuroleptic triphtazine 0.35 mg/kg on motor and explorative activity, anxiety, social interactions and cognitive function of rats in this model. Methods.The tests of open field, elevated plus maze, resident-intruder and conditioned passive avoidance task were chosen to study behavioral responses. The rats were subsequently tested on 49-50, 59 and 69 days of life. Results. The syndrome of attention deficit with hyperactivity was shown to develop in juvenal rats (2 months) if they were rearing in conditions of full social isolation from relatives and partial sensory isolation from 17 day of their life. The syndrome was characterized by motor hyperactivity, decreased explorative activity, appearance of anxiety elements, depression, aggression and cognitive deficit. This background was a control for assessment of psychopharmacological action of the drugs studied. The chronic administration of triphtazine (0.35 mg/kg, 3 cycles) did not change significantly motor behavior of rats but depressed all forms of explorative behavior and disinhibited grooming reactions and emotions as well as disordered passive avoidance response storage. The prolongation of administration of triphtazine disinhibited motor reactions and facilitated habituation phenomenon in advance. Conclusion. The results can be useful for development of drugs to treat the syndrome of attention deficit with hyperactivity and disorders of autistic spectrum.
Key words: аутизм, синдром дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью, моделирование, поведение, социальная изоляция, трифтазин, крысы, autism, syndrome of attention deficit with hyperactivity, modelling, behavior, social isolation, triphtazine, rats
MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF SPERMATOCYTES IN TESTIS OF RATS IN THE EARLY STAGES AFTER THE IMPACT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Poplavskaja E.A., Poplavskij D.Ju.
UDC: 591.463.2:[577.114/.115:579.842.11]:599.323.4
Abstract: Objective. Study of the influence of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli , administered to male rats, on the structure and functioning of primary spermatocytes of the seminiferous tubules of the testis in the early stages after exposure. Methods. Male rats were injected LPS E. coli at a dose of 50 μg/kg of mass intraperitoneally, once. Paraffin sections were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and gallocyanin-chromic alum according to Einarsson. The histochemical reactions were carried out on the cryostat sections in order to reveal the activity of LDH enzymes; NADNDG, G6FDG and NADPHDG. Studies of histological specimens, their microphotography, morphometry and cytophotometry were carried out at different magnifications of the Axioskop 2 plus microscope (Zeiss, Germany), the Leica DFC 320 digital camera (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Germany) and the ImageWarp image analysis software (Bit Flow, USA). Evaluation of the reliability of changes in numerical values was carried out using nonparametric statistics using the computer program Statistica 6.0 for Windows. Results. As the result of the study, it has been found that when E. coli LPS is introduced, the number of spermatocytes in the testicle canals decreases by 26.54% (p<0.05). In the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, the amount of RNP decreases by 33.33% (p <0.05) in the early periods after the effect of LPS E. coli. There is a change in the activity levels of key enzymes of energy metabolism in the cytoplasm of cells: the level of activity of NADH2DG increases by 27.90% (p<0.05) and the LDH activity level increases by 20% (p<0.05). Conclusion. It has been concluded that the injection of bacterial LPS of E. coli causes structural and functional changes in the cells of the spermatogenic epithelium of convoluted seminiferous tubules of testicles of rats, in particular, in spermatocytes, which is reflected in the reduction of their quantity, changes in the level of activity of key enzymes of energy metabolism and the content of RNP in their cytoplasm , which indicates a slowing of their proliferation and differentiation, leading to a disruption of the functions of cells, which, in the end analysis, can lead to a violation of spermatogenesis and the function of the organ on the whole.
Key words: семенник, бактериальный липополисахарид, сперматоциты, сперматогенез, testis, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, spermatocytes, spermatogenesis
CAPILLARY BLOOD CONTENT OF YOUNG WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TO ALCOHOL IN THE DYNAMICS OF MENTAL WORK ON FASTING
Blazhko Andrey S., Nikitina Olga S., Welcome Menizibeya Osain, Razvodovsky Yury E., Mastorakis Nikos E., Pereverzeva Elena V., Sikorsky Anatoly V., Pereverzev Vladimir A.
UDC: 612.015.32:616.379-008.64-055.2:612.393.1
Abstract: Objective. To analyze changes in capillary blood glucosein dynamics of mental work in young women who are alcohol users and abusers but in the sober state. Methods. The dynamics of glycemia in 74 young (19-29 years old) women who consume (once a month and less often / group I) and abuse alcohol (2-4 times a month and more often / 2 group) was studied in course of mental work on fasting. Results. There was a 100% prevalence of alcohol consumption among young women participating in the study with a relatively low prevalence of alcohol abuse among them. There were differences in the dynamics of changes in capillary blood glucose in relation to its baseline in women of groups 1 and 2. Also, there were differences in their use of alcohol (frequency and dose in terms of absolute ethanol), the duration of the sober period and the points scored on test "AUDIT". Conclusion. A wide prevalence (100%) of alcohol consumption among young women with relatively low alcohol abuse was confirmed. The recognized consumption of alcoholic beverages by women was 2-4 times per month or more and monthly dose of 80-260 ml in sober group 2 respondents was associated with a reliable decrease in the level of capillary blood glucose during mental work in 100% of the subjects throughout the study. An analysis of the dynamics of glycemia in sober women during mental work on fasting compared with young men confirms the idea of a greater toxicity of alcohol for women. According to the dynamics of glycemia in the sober subjects of the 2nd group, the criteria for alcohol abuse among women according to the AUDIT test is likely to be recommended for revision in the direction of its decrease from 8 to 4 points.
Key words: young women, alcohol, glucose, capillary blood, mental work, молодые женщины, алкоголь, глюкоза, капиллярная кровь, умственная работа
REGULARITIES OF FAT MASS GROWTH IN HEALTHY PEOPLE 4-20 YEARS OLD
Safonenkova E.V.
UDC: 612.63/66
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of fat mass growth in males and females aged 4-20 years living in the Central part of the Central Russia in the 21 century. Methods. The chosen direction of research required the use of differently directed statistical methods, such as: anthropometry, metric somatotyping according to the method of R.N. Dorokhova (1979-1985), the definition of a variant of biological development (VBD). The fat mass was evaluated by caliperometry. The resulting data array was considered through statistical processing of digital material.Results. The results of the study showed heterochronicity and allometry of fat gain in males and females aged 4 to 20 years. The face of the mesosomal type of constitution prevailed, having a uniform distribution of fat. The tendency to obesity was shown by the subjects of the accelerated variant of biological development (VBD «А»), the individuals of the extended variant of biological development (VBD «C») had a lower predisposition to increase the fat mass.Conclusions. The study of the patterns of fat mass growth and the features of its distribution on the human body is necessary in determining the health status of children, adolescents and young people, developing regional standards for assessing physical development in the 21 century in planning the rational physical activity of the subjects being surveyed, taking into account the somatic type and the variant of biological development.
Key words: жировая масса, интенсивность роста, масса тела, соматический тип, вариант биологического развития, fat mass, growth rate, body weight, somatic type, variant of biological development
THE NATURE OF THE EXPRESSION OF MUSCLE MASS IN HEALTHY PEOPLE 4-20 YEARS
Safonenkova E.V.
UDC: 612.63/66
Abstract: Objective. To study in detail the patterns of muscle mass growth in the 4-20-year-olds living in the Central part of the Middle Russia in the 21 century.Methods. Anthropometric measurements were made using standard equipment: anthropometry, weights, caliper, plastic measuring tape. Compliance with the rules for the collection of anthropometric material. The determination of muscle mass was carried out by a metric method, which allows an objective assessment of its changes in the studied segment of ontogenesis (Mateiko, 1924). The variant of biological development (VBD) was calculated according to the formula developed by R.N. Dorokhovand V.G. Petrukhin (1977-1985).When processing digital material, modern methods of mathematical statistics were used to determine the reliability and reliability of the results obtained. To assess the relationship between the indicators studied, the correlation coefficient (r) was determined using the computer program STATISTIKA 6.0.Results.The results of our research indicate a tendency towards a decrease in muscle mass in children, adolescents and boys in the 21 century compared with the data given in the works of the last decades of the twentieth century.It was revealed that the change in the expression of muscle mass in the examined 4-20 years with age is uneven and heterochronous, influencing the variant of biological development. Children of VBD "A" have earlier terms of maturation of muscle mass in comparison with those surveyed by VBD "C". The people of the VBD "B" predominate; having a normal distribution.Conclusions. In conclusion, it should be noted that the presented indicators of changes in the expression of muscle mass and the rate of its growth allow you to plan the characteristics of training loads. With a decrease in the intensity of muscle mass gain, it is necessary to increase physical activity, with an increase in the intensity of growth - to reduce them. Accounting for the expression of muscle mass can serve as a criterion for assessing the physical development of children and adolescents.
Key words: мышечная масса, интенсивность роста, вариант биологического развития, muscle mass, intensity of growth, variant of biological development
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SMOLENSK
Tsukareva E.A., Avchinnikov A.V., Alimova I.L., Nesterov E.G., Stunzhas O.S., Domina E.G.
UDC: 613.2:616-056.52
Abstract: Objective. Give hygienic assessment of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school children of educational institutions of Smolensk. Methods. The object of the study were 1-4 schoolchildren 3696 10 classes in general education institutions of Smolensk. For the diagnosis of overweight and obesity rate were determined by SDS (standard deviation score standard deviation indicator) body mass index using WHO Antro Plus (2009). Results. At 592 (16,1%) schoolchildren overweight, installed and 338 (9,2%) schoolchildren ̶ varying degrees of obesity. Overweight is revealed at 260 girls and boys 339; Obesity-109 and 230 children respectively. The prevalence of overweight increased from junior schoolchildren with 1 to 4 class. When this overweight registered with equal frequency in boys and girls, and obesity in boys was defined twice as often than girls (χ² = 43,86; p<0,001). Conclusion. Excess body weight and obesity are common phenomena among junior schoolchildren in Smolensk, which requires a hygienic assessment of the risk factors for their formation and the organization of preventive measures.
Key words: гигиеническая оценка, младшие школьники, избыточная масса тела, ожирение, hygienic assessment, primary school children, overweight, obesity
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TWIST ANGLES OF THE HUMAN FEMURAL BONES FROM THE PYATNITSKIY KONETS NECROPOLIS OF ANCIENT SMOLENSK
Teykina O.Yu., Merenkov V.G., Prudnikov I.M.
UDC: 611.718.4(470.332):312
Abstract: Objective. Investigations of the variability of human femurs torsions based on materials from the osteological collection from archaeological excavations on the territory of the ancient Smolensk were carried out. Methods. A new simplified method for measuring the femurs twist angle suitable for investigation archaeological bone material in mass grave sites .was used. Results. Variational studies of torsions of 540 human femurs (264 left and 276 right) from the necropolis of the ancient Smolensk Pyatnitskiy konets dated by artefacts XII-XVIII centuries under the hypothesis of any significant evolutionary morphological changes, the consequences of acceleration and retardation processes during this time period absence were carried out. The Sample values of the torsions of the left and right femurs are distributed according to the normal law with different parameters and visually observed asymmetry. Conclusion. A statistical investigation of the twist angles of the 540 human femural bones from the Pyatnitskiy konets necropolis of ancient Smolensk was carried out. Their variational diversity was shown.
Key words: бедренная кость, длинная трубчатая кость, эпифиз, диафиз, торсия кости, торсионная трансформация кости, угол скрученности кости, femur, long tubular bone, epiphysis, diaphysis, torsion of bone, torsion transformation of bone, twist angle
CHANGES IN THE IMMUNOREACTIVITY OF ATP-SYNTHASE IN NEURONS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX AND CEREBELLUM OF RATS WITH CHOLESTASIS
Emelyanchik S.V., Karnyushko O.A., Zimatkin S.M.
UDC: 612.015.1:[611.813.1+611.817.1]:616.36-008.811.6]-092.9
Abstract: Objective. To study of the possible role of ATPase in cholestasis studied the content of ATP synthase in neurons of the cerebral cortex (frontal and parietal), Purkinje cells of the cerebellum at different times of experimental cholestasis in rats. Methods. The study was performed on 60 outbred white male rats weighing 200-250 g. Experimental animals were subjected to the common bile duct ligation, control - a sham operation, when there have a physiological bile outflow to the duodenum. Results. It was found that after the common bile duct ligation, expression in the pericarions of neurons of the cortex and in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum changes wavy: in the frontal cortex of the brain in the pericarion of the neurons, it is increased by 2-5 days, then by a decrease (minimal - on the 10th day) and normalization from the 45th day. In the parietal cortex: increase by 2-5 days, then, decrease (minimal - on the 10th day), however, the normalization only to 90 days. In Purkinje cells - on the 2nd day - an increase, and from 5 to 20 days of the experiment - a decrease in expression (minimum values on the 5-10th day), from the 45th day the normalization of this indicator was revealed. Conclusions. After the common bile duct ligation, the content of ATP synthase in the perikaryons of neurons of the cortex (frontal and parietal) and in the Purkinje cells perikaryons of the cerebellum changes wavy: it is increased in conditions of cholestasis and decreased in conditions of its elimination.
Key words: АТФ-синтаза, нейроны коры, клетки Пуркинье, мозжечок, холестаз, крысы, ATP-sintase, neurons of the brain, Purkinje cells, cerebellum, cholestasis, rats
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN THE MORPHOMETRIC INDICES OF MYELINIC NERVE FIBERS OF THE FEMORAL-GENITAL NERVE
Kopyova V.M., Vishnevskaya K.A., Ermakova N.I.
UDC: 611.83:572.7
Abstract: Objective.To study the morphology of the femoral-pudendal nerve of the lumbar plexus person from the structural view point of the nerve fibers myelin, myelin sheath and axons diameter in the age aspect. Methods. 72 segments of femoral-genital nerves of people of both sexes aged from newborn to 91 years in 7 age groups (classification of L. K. Semenova) were studied on histological preparations with color by Weigert-PAL. To process the results, the information analysis method was used to calculate the information characteristics: real, relative entropy, and redundancy factor. Results. As a result of the analysis, we found that the composition of nerve fibers in newborns is not very diverse, represented by small and medium-sized fibers with a predominance of small size, as evidenced by the data of entropy and redundancy index. In the subsequent age periods, the variety of their fiber composition increases in the nerves, due to the appearance of medium and thick myelin fibers. By the age of 11-15 all myelin fibers acquire the myelin sheath, which indicates the end of the myelination process. Conclusion. The thickness data of the myelin sheath and axon allowed us to identify the most informative age periods for study: from newborns to 11 years, and from 12 years and older, further more detailed division for the study of this nerve is possible, but it is not advisable.
Key words: бедренно-половой нерв, морфология, нервные волокна, энтропия, коэффициент избыточности, genitofemoral nerve, morphology, entropy, redundancy coefficient
EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION FOR REDUCING THE EXPOSURE OF THE APPLICATION OF 38% SOLUTION OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE TO THE CARIES AFFECTED AREAS OF THE TOOTH
Terekhova T.N., Butvilovsky A.V., Kachanovich I.V., Pashkovich V.V.
UDC: 616.314-002-084:615.242
Abstract: Objective. Experimental substantiation or disproving the possibility of reducing the time of application of a 38% solution of silver diamine fluoride («Аrgenat odnokomponentnyj») to the caries affected areas of the tooth. Methods. To achieve this purpose, the time for the onset of chemical equilibrium in the interaction reaction between hydroxyapatite and the 38% solution of the silver diamine fluoride was determined by potentiometric titration, and antimicrobial activity was also studied (S. mutans, Lactobacillus, C. albicans) for preparations for silvering hard tissues of teeth in a quantitative suspension method. Results. It was found that the reaction of the interaction of hydroxyapatite and a 38% solution of the silver diamine fluoride («Аrgenat odnokomponentnyj») was most intense for 30 seconds with the establishment of chemical equilibrium after 1 minute after mixing. For the «Аrgenat odnokomponentnyj» and «Аrgenat dvuhkomponentnyj» in relation to the cariogenic microflora, the effective exposure was ½ minute with prevalence of the reduction factor of the Lactobacillus number (6.18) over those of S. mutans (5.21) per 18.6%. It was found that the studied preparations at a half-minute exposure had a high antifungal activity and a relatively uniform antimicrobial effect on the examined representatives of the oral microbiocenosis. Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies testify to the expediency of reducing the time of application of a 38% solution of silver diamine fluoride («Аrgenat odnokomponentnyj») to caries affected areas of the tooth.
Key words: фторид диамминсеребра, кариес зуба, экспозиция, silver diamine fluoride, tooth caries, exposition
CLASSIFICATION OF FASTING NORMOGLYCEMIA BASED ON REGULATORY, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINIC-BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES
Pereverzev Vladimir A., Sikorsky Anatoly V., Welcome Menizibeya Osain, Senol Dane, Razvodovsky Yury E., Mastorakis Nikos E., Blazhko Andrey S., Nikitina Olga S., Pereverzeva Elena V.
UDC: 612.352.12
Abstract: Objective. To propose a new classification of capillary blood glucose level of a healthy adult on fasting with justification of the threshold values of normoglycemia levels on the basis of three approaches: regulatory, psychophysiological and clinical-biochemical. Methods. Analysis of scientific data from the literature of international databases and the results of our own research in four areas: metabolism of glucose in the body and its level in the blood on fasting and after eating; glucose as a regulated and regulating indicator of homeostasis; relationship between the level of glycemia and the state of functional activity of the organism; level of glycemia as a predictor and / or an indicator of hyper- and hypo-glycemic conditions and / or diseases. Results. Based on the three proposed approaches, the scientific data and the results of our own research have been analyzed for the relationship between blood glucose and indicators: mental capacity of the individual (psychophysiological approach to the development of a new classification); secretion of basic glucose-regulating hormones (regulatory approach - level of glycemia as a regulating factor for endocrine glands, liver, kidneys, nervous system). In the analysis of scientific data, clinical data on the levels of glycemia (clinical and biochemical approach) as predictors or indicators of hyper- or hypoglycemic conditions or diseases (including diabetes, neuroglycopenia, hyper- or hypoglycemic coma) are also taken into account. Conclusion. A new, refined classification of normoglycemia in healthy adult was developed and proposed for examination at rest and functional activity: low (3.33-3.84 mmol / l and 3.33-4.44 mmol / l, respectively), optimal (3.85-4.44 mmol / l and 4.45-6.10 mmol / l), elevated (4.45-5.10 mmol / l, for rest only) and high (5.11-5.55 mmol / l and 6.11-6.67 mmol / l) normoglycemia. The substantiation of the classification of normoglycemia with regard to the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of its regulation as well as clinically significant risks of the onset of diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemic conditions is given.
Key words: glucose, normoglycemia, classification, hormones, mental work, глюкоза, уровни нормогликемии, классификация, гормоны, умственная работа
STRUCTURAL AND NEUROMEDIATOR ORGANIZATION OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF THE BRAIN CEREBRAL
Bon L.I., Zimatkin S.M.
UDC: 612.823
Abstract: Objective. Analysis and generalization of literature data on the structural organization and neurotransmitters of neurons of different parts of the cerebral cortex of rats. Methods. For this research, various domestic and foreign literature on the relevant topic was collected and analyzed. Results. Neuronal and neurotransmitter organization of the cerebral cortex is characterized by a large variety of types of neurons and neurotransmitters. Cortical neurons can be divided into three large groups: pyramidal, non-pyramidal and interneurons. Mediators of pyramidal neurons are aspartate and acetylcholine, and non-pyramidal and interneurons are GABA and glutamate. Conclusion. The presented information provides a basis for further study of the central nervous system in norm and in various pathologies and allow extrapolating to humans the experimental data obtained in those aspects that are not related to the second signal system unique to humans.
Key words: нейромедиаторы, нейроны, крысы, головной мозг, neurotransmitters, neurons, rats, brain
EPILEPSY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AND CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
Kovalev P.S., Maslova N.N.
UDC: 616.853:616.831-005.1
Abstract: Objective. Study of clinical and electroencephalographic data of patients with epilepsy, developed on the background of cerebral vascular pathology. Methods. Patients with epilepsy were divided into two main groups: with ischemic stroke and chronic ischemia of the brain. All patients underwent standard clinical and neurological examination, as well as additional research methods, such as electroencephalography, computed tomography of the brain, ultrasound examination of extra- and intracranial divisions of brachiocephalic arteries. Results. In the course of the study, the prevalence of focal epileptic seizures in the clinic in both groups was noted. In patients with left-sided localization of the focus of the stroke according to the electroencephalogram (EEG), pathological and epileptiform activity was more often noted. Conclusion. It was found that patients with localization of the foci of stroke in the left carotid basin have a greater risk of epilepsy and a tendency to generalize epileptic seizures. A close relationship was established between the vascular pathology of the brain and the development of epilepsy.
Key words: эпилепсия, ишемический инсульт, хроническая ишемия головного мозга, локализация, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, chronic ischemia brain, localization
INDICATORS OF DAILY BIFUNCTIONAL MONITORING OF GLYCEMIA AND HEART RATE IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETIC CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Demyanenko A.N.
UDC: 616.379-008.64-053.2:616.12-073:97+616.85
Abstract: Objective. The purpose of the study is to estimate indicators of daily bifunctional monitoring of glycemia and heart rhythm in children with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Methods. There was performed daily bifunctional monitoring of heart rhythm and glycemia in 50 patients with type 1 diabetes at the age of 10-17 years, of whom group 1 (n=15) with cardiovascular neuropathy, group 2 (n=35) - without cardiovascular neuropathy. Results. Parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in children with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were characterized by frequent episodes of hypoglycemia during the day, prolonged asymptomatic hypoglycemia and high variability of glycemia at night. In children with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, high heart rate values were observed during the day, low heart rate variability and circadian index, prolongation of the QTc interval. Correlation between the level of glycemia with heart rate and the duration of the QTc interval was established, most pronounced at night. Conclusion. Children with diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy are need regular monitoring of glycemia.
Key words: дети, сахарный диабет, кардиоваскулярная нейропатия, суточное мониторирование гликемии, холтеровское мониторирование, children, diabetes, cardiovascular neuropathy, daily monitoring of glycemia, Holter monitoring
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Dolzhenkova V.G., Matvienko E.V., Krivdina N.D., Khmelevskaya I.G., Fetisova A.S.
UDC: 616.72-002.772
Abstract: Objective. The study of clinical and laboratory indicators of the course of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children. Methods. In the study, 18 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis aged 4 to 16 years who were on inpatient examination and treatment under the conditions of the department of rheumatology of the Kursk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in 2016 took part. Female faces predominated (p<0.01). The average age of children was 9.14±0.31 years and was comparable by sex in all groups. In the course of the work, the level of activity of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process, the nature of changes in the joints were specified. Results. A polyarticular variant of involvement of the joint apparatus was found in more than 83.3% of children. In boys, the oligoarticular variant of pathology predominated. Restriction of joint motor activity and difficulty walking, experienced 94.4% of patients, pain, mostly in the morning, experienced almost half of the studied (49.3%). When carrying out laboratory blood tests in all patients, inflammatory changes were detected: an increase in ESR, seromucoid, glycoproteins, C-reactive protein. When carrying out instrumental studies: ultrasound diagnosis in all patients revealed signs of synovitis, radiographic changes most often corresponded to the second X-ray stage according to Steinbrucker. Relapses of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis occurred in 72.2% of patients. Conclusion. It was concluded that when examining children with rheumatoid arthritis, they identified pleasures according to data, ultrasound and radiological studies, and laboratory data.
Key words: ювенильный ревматоидный артрит, диагностика, боль, суставы, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, diagnosis, pain, joints
PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE MILITARY HEALTH: ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE
Frolova K.I., Mihalik D.S.
UDC: 61:355.33
Abstract: Objective. To study the psychological component of health of servicemen of the military academy and its impact on professional activities. Methods. Each respondent were asked to complete a questionnaire on study of quality of life, which was submitted to the questionnaire SF-36 (John E. Ware, the Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts). During the investigation of the assessment criteria for the quality of life and to identify significant differences between the groups: soldiers and cadets of 1-5 courses (the scale of “vitality”, “role functioning, due to emotional state”, “social functioning” and “mental health”). Results. The results showed that psychological health component of cadets on the order is higher than that of military conscripts, especially on scales “vitality” and “role functioning, due to emotional state”, and for “social functioning” scales and “mental health” differences emerged between the cadet's units, among which the best results showed 5-year cadets. Conclusion. The psychological component of the military health is one of the leading indicators of the quality of life of military personnel, their impact on military careers, military academy cadets have turned out to be an order of magnitude higher than that of soldiers the appeal, which is due, above all, adjusted and used in the armed forces professional psychological selection of entrants coming into the Academy.
Key words: качество жизни, психологический компонент здоровья, военнослужащие, психическое здоровье, дезадаптация, quality of life, psychological component of health, servicemen, mental health, exclusion
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE AWARENESS OF THE POPULATION OF THE SMOLENSK REGION OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
Ivanishkina E.V., Bekezin V.V., Didenko V.N., Krikova A.V., Konyshko N.A., Evseev A.V., Avdeeva T.G., Dmitrieva E.V., Zaitseva V.M.
UDC: 616-01/-099
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the level of awareness of the population of the Smolensk region of viral hepatitis B and C. Methods. The scientific and practical activities of the project included official sources of information, development of the concept of the questionnaire and analyses of its scientific background, as well as planning and evaluation of the results obtained, development of specific activities and prediction of their potential effectiveness. Practical activities of the project included a survey that was conducted as a sociological survey with an original questionnaire of 22 questions. The experiment was conducted in April, 2018. Totally, 35 questionnaires were processed.Results. In course of the survey, social and demographic profiles of the respondents, their attitude to a healthy lifestyle, awareness of community significant diseases and the consequences of infection were established, self-esteem of patients’ health and attitude to medical appointments were given.Conclusion. By 2030 and in accordance with the strategy of the world community for the achievement ambitious goals of sustainable development WHO has developed three global health strategies, including viral hepatitis. In May 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted the first "Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis for 2016-2021." The strategy emphasizes the critical role of universal coverage of health services, and its objectives are in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. The strategy's vision of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health problem is embodied in a global goal aimed at reducing the number of new viral hepatitis infections by 90% and reducing the death rate from viral hepatitis by 65% by 2030. The strategy outlines the actions to be taken by countries and the WHO Secretariat to achieve these goals.
Key words: здоровый образ жизни, социологический опрос, вирусный гепатит В и С, a healthy lifestyle, a sociological survey, viral hepatitis B and C
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE AWARENESS OF THE POPULATION OF THE SMOLENSK REGION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Ivanishkina E.V., Bekezin V.V., Didenko V.N., Krikova A.V., Konyshko N.A., Avdeeva T.G., Evseev A.V., Dmitrieva E.V., Zaitseva V.M.
UDC: 616-01/-099
Abstract: Aim. The aim of the study was to make an assessment and analysis of the awareness of the population of the Smolensk region of certain diseases, in particular emphasis on metabolic syndrome. Methods. Research and practical activities of the project included official sources of information, publications, development of the concept of an original questionnaire and analysis of its scientific background, planning and evaluation of the results, specific activities and prediction of their potential effectiveness. Practical activities of the project included some stages. The first stage of the study included a sociological survey with an original questionnaire consisting of 35 questions. The experiment was conducted in April 2018. Totally 50 questionnaires were processed. Results. In the course of the survey social and demographic profiles of the respondents, their attitude to healthy lifestyles, self-esteem for health, attitude to doctors’ recommendations and satisfaction with the quality of medical care have been investigated. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome is a combination of hormonal and metabolic disorders. According to the World Health Organization in 2016, over 1.9 billion adults over 18 years of age were overweight. Of these, more than 650 million were obese. In 2016, 41 million children under the age of 5 suffered from overweight or obesity. In 2016, 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years were overweight or obese. In analyzing official sources of information, the "Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases for 2013-2020" was analyzed, which will contribute to progress in achieving, by 2025, nine global goals for noncommunicable diseases, including a 25% reduction in sudden mortality from NCDs and stabilization of the global number of obesity cases at the 2010 level. In the course of the survey, a socially and demographic profiles of the respondent were given.
Key words: здоровый образ жизни, социологический опрос, метаболический синдром, a healthy lifestyle, a sociological survey, a metabolic syndrome
RELATIONSHIP OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS WITH THE DEGREE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN WOMEN WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN POSTMENOPAUSE
Tsareva V.M., Novitskiy
UDC: 616.127-005.8:618.173
Abstract: Objective. Study relationship between ventricular arrhythmias and the presence and extent of coronary artery disease in women with ischemic heart disease in postmenopause. Methods. We examined 131 postmenopausal women with ischemic heart disease(IHD) (mean age 64.8±7.4 years) divided into 2 groups. The first group included 94 patients with ischemic heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias(VA), which is divided into 2 subgroups: 1A - low-grade VA; 1B - high grade VA. The second group consisted of 37 women with IHD who didn’t have VA. The patients underwent holter monitoring of the ECG («Cardiotechnics»-04-8(m), Inkart, Russia), coronary angiography («Innova 3100 IQ» (GE HealthCare, USA) .The statistical data was processed using the STATISTICA 6.0 software package. Results. In first group, 48.9% of patients had hemodynamically significant lesions of the coronary arteries, which is 11.1% more than in group 2 (p>0.05). In both groups were large percent of women without lesions of the coronary arteries (36.2% and 43.2%, respectively). In 1B subgroup, 58.3% had hemodynamically significant lesions of the coronary arteries, which is significantly (р<0.01) more (41.6%) compared with patients with hemodynamically insignificant stenoses, and compared with persons with unchanged coronary arteries (by 33.3%, р<0.01) in this subgroup, and compared with women of the 2nd group (20,5%, р<0.05). Conclusions. Postmenopausal women with IHD and ventricular arrhythmias have a greater incidence of unchanged coronary arteries on coronary angiography.Ventricular arrhythmias in general, low grades are recorded with the same frequency with hemodynamically significant stenoses and withunchanged coronary arteries. More than half of postmenopausal women with IHD and high grade ventricular arrhythmias have hemodynamically significant lesions of the coronary arteries.
Key words: ИБС, женщины, постменопауза, коронарография, ischemic heart disease, women, postmenopause, coronarography
THE VALUE OF THE INDICES OF ELECTRICAL INSTABILITY OF THE MYOCARDIUM IN THE GENESIS OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN WOMEN WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN POSTMENOPAUSE
Tsareva V.M., Novitskiy N.I.
UDC: 616.127-005.8:618.173
Abstract: Objective. Study relationship between ventricular arrhythmias and the QT interval and its variance in women with ischemic heart disease in postmenopause. Methods. We examined 161 postmenopausal women with ischemic heart disease (IHD) (mean age 65.2±7.5 years). Patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 98 women with IHD and ventricular arrhythmias (VA), which were divided into subgroups (1A - high grade VA; 1B - low grade VA). The second group consisted of 43 women with IHD who didn’t have VA. The third was a control group (20 women without cardiovascular diseases). The patients underwent Holter monitoring of the ECG («Cardiotechnics» 04 -8 (m), Inkart, Russia) with evaluation of VA and ventricular repolarization processes (QTc, QTd, QTc, QTc). The statistical data was processed using the STATISTICA 6.0 software package. Results. In groups I and II, significant differences in the variance of QTc were revealed in comparison with the control. In the I group, QTcd is 37.4 ms larger than in the control group, and in the second group it is 24.6ms (p<0.01). The increase in variance was observed due both to the increase in QTc and to the decrease in QTc, which also had significant differences compared to control women. The QTc interval in the group of women with coronary artery disease and VA did not differ significantly compared to patients with IHD without VA. However, the QTc variance was 12.8 ms (15.3%) higher, compared to patients who did not have arrhythmia. The increase in the spatial variability of QTc was due to a significant increase in QTc (p<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that an increase in QTc by 1ms was associated with an increase in the rate of ventricular arrhythmias by 0.014. At the same time, an increase in QTcd by 1ms results in an increase in the gradation of ventricular ectopic activity by 0.023. Conclusions. In women with IHD in postmenopause, the disturbance of repolarization processes in the myocardium is interrelated with the appearance of high - grade ventricular arrhythmias (due to an increase in QTc and an increase in the QTc variance).
Key words: ИБС, женщины, постменопауза, желудочковые аритмии, ischemic heart disease, women, postmenopause, ventricular arrhythmias
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS AFTER COMPONENT SEPARATION
Egiev V.N., Kuliev S.A., Evsyukova I.V.
UDC: 617.55-007.43
Abstract: Objective.To evaluate the nature of complications and quality of life of patients after anterior and posterior component separation. Methods.In our study was included 91 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups. We describes the characteristics of the patients, early complications according the classification of Clavien-Dindo, late postoperative complications. The quality of life assessment was carried out in 3, 6, 12 months and then annually. In study was used 2 questionnaire: SF-36 and EuraHS QLS. Results.In patients after anterior component separation the number of complications from postoperative wounds, both in the early and late postoperative period was greater than in patients undergoing posterior component separation. According to the EuraHS quality of Life score and SF-36 questionnaires in women in both groups, the quality of life indicators improve faster than in men. Conclusion.We received a small number of complications after anterior and posterior component separation, and we noted a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients. Thus, both variants of component separation can be equally applicable in patients with giant incisional hernias.
Key words: передняя сепарационная пластика, задняя сепарационная пластика, послеоперационная вентральная грыжа, качество жизни пациентов после грыжесечения, anterior component separation, posterior component separation, incisional hernia, quality of life of patients after hernia surgery
CLINICAL CASE OF RARE DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
Mikhalik D.S., Zhukov G.V., Nikolaenkova L.I., Gerasimov S.A., Makarov Yu.A., Ilyin S.V.
UDC: 616.26-007.43
Abstract: Objective. Provide a clinical case of diagnostics of rare lumbo-costal diaphragmatic hernia in elderly female patient. Methods. The authors observed the clinical case of the right-sided fixed non-strangulated lumbo-costal diaphragmatic hernia of Bochdalek’s triangle. The analysis of clinical data and X-ray examination of the patient was carried out. Results. This case presented by the authors serves as a guide for practical work of general practitioners, surgeons and radiologists, as well as a real educational tool for students. The clinical case of a rare diaphragmatic hernia of Bochdalek’s triangle was not promptly surgically treated due to the personal refusal of the 76-years-old female patient. Conclusion. In daily medical practice, it is important to understand when a patient complains of typical symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases (heartburn, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, peristaltic sounds in the chest especially either after eating or power-lifting) or cardio-respiratory signs such as cyanosis, dyspnea, asphyxia attacks in the same conditions), it is necessary to refer this patient to X-ray examination to exclude diaphragmatic hernias of different localization. It should be remembered that the diaphragmatic hernias are not limited only to the area of its esophageal opening, which occurs more often in practice, but it can also be elsewhere in other diaphragmatic areas.
Key words: диафрагмальная грыжа, клинический случай, рентгенодиагностика, diaphragmatic hernia, clinical case, X-ray diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC SECTORAL RESECTION AS A METHOD OF VERIFICATION OF BREAST CANCER IN THE SMOLENSK REGION (2010-2014)
Zuj V.S., Solovjov V.I., Alieva F.V., Garmotko A.A., Nikitonova N.V.
UDC: 616.19-006.6-055.2-036.22
Abstract: Objective. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, as well as the level of the three-year survival of patients with breast cancer in the territory of the Smolensk region for the period 2010-2014 and the impact of diagnostic sectoral resection on long-term results. Methods. The data of the territorial Chancellor of the Smolensk region were analyzed and the official accounting and reporting medical records (operational journals, outpatient cards) of patients with breast cancer were studied. Patients were divided by stages, methods, treatment outcomes and the need to verify the diagnosis through diagnostic sectoral resection. Results. The incidence of breast cancer in the Smolensk region is higher than the Russian average by 4.2 per 100 thousand women, with the diagnosis of stage I-II is higher by 3,4%. Forced diagnostic sectoral resection had to be performed from 1.5 to 17.8% of cases depending on the stage of breast cancer, which is 1.5 times better than according to the literature (1.2-30%). Forced diagnostic sectoral resection does not worsen the results of 3-year survival only in stage I, while in stage II-III it reduces this figure from 9.5 to 28.15%, respectively. Conclusion. It is concluded that the use of diagnostic sectoral resection is justified in the case of stage I breast cancer and is undesirable in the diagnosis of breast cancer stage II-III, as in the latter its use worsens the indicators of 3-year survival.
Key words: диагностическая секторальная резекция, рак молочной железы, заболеваемость, diagnostic sectoral resection, breast cancer, morbidity
RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER
Osipova N.N., Bardenshtejn L.M., Beglyankin N.I., Zajtseva V.M., Novikova V.A., Gaponova V.N.
UDC: 616.89-008.19
Abstract: Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze Russian and international studies concerning the problem of bipolar affective disorder to identify various risk factors for bipolar affective disorder development, its potential complications and opportunities for early diagnostics of the disease. Methods. Publication of Russian and international experts considering diverse problems of bipolar affective disorder were studied and analyzed. Results. The article presents a review on Russian and international publications focused on the problems of various risks of bipolar affective disorder development, taking into account a premorbid background in the form of hereditary-constitutional features, the patient’s age of the onset of the disease, impact of stressful situations, early medical intervention, as well as a tendency toward suicidal behavior. Potentials of early diagnostics of bipolar disorder with psychometric and screening scales and the problem of early medical intervention were also considered. Conclusion. Analysis of publications studied revealed the significance of hereditary and constitutional features in the form of hereditary burden, temperamental characteristics, certain impact of unfavorable family factors (various types of abuse and family violence), patent’s age of the onset of the disease, as well as risks of suicidal behavior which can cause significant variations in clinical manifestations of the first episodes of bipolar disorder and the trajectory of the disease as a whole. Search for optimal therapeutic targets for early intervention requires further comprehensive studies and application of proper diagnostic tools that can overcome the difficulties of identifying the initial symptoms of the disease, ethical and practical limitations associated with the heterogeneity of manifestations of bipolar disorder.
Key words: биполярное аффективное расстройство, преморбидный фон, темперамент, ранняя диагностика, суицидальное поведение, bipolar affective disorder, premorbid background, temperament, early diagnosis, suicidal behavior
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACHILLES TENDON INJURIES (REVIEW)
Markov A.A., Vtorushin N.S., Sergeev K.S., Komarov V.I.
UDC: 616-001
Abstract: Objective. In this article our goal was to study modern views on the treatment of patients with Achilles tendon injuries and determine the optimal treatment tactics. Methods. This is article is an analysis of existing scientific works and articles on the topic of treating patients with Achilles tendon injury. Firstly, we studied the anatomical features of the calcaneal tendon. There are described in details measurements, options of fiber’s rotation and blood suppling. And then it is given epidemiological data allowing to create an idea of the relevance of the problem. Furthermore, in this work methods of conservative treatment are one of the popular in the world and studied in details by researchers as Tkachenko S.S. and Fruensgaard S. The methods of open surgical treatment of tendon ruptures are considered and described in particular - Krackow and Cuneo sutures and modern classification of tendon joint’s Sereda. Percutaneous sutures also are considered, starting with the technique developed by G.W. Ma and T.G. Griffith in 1977 and in the ending with modern techniques, in particular by using the original guide for the percutaneous suture Achilles tendon - Achillon® System ™. Results. The obtained data demonstrate the existence of a variety of different methods for treating Achilles tendon ruptures, as well as the lack of recommendations that allow to clearly select one or another technique depending on the specific clinical case. Conclusion. In conclusion, this is noted that, according to the results of the literary review, at the moment there are no works compiled on the principles of evidence-based medicine, which is allow choose the specific type of surgical treatment for various Achilles tendon ruptures.
Key words: Ахиллово сухожилие, Пяточное сухожилие, оперативное лечение, швы, Achilles tendon, calcaneal tendon, surgical treatment, sutures
KAOLIN EFFECT ON THE PROPERTIES OF A TABLETED DOSAGE FORM ON THE BASIS OF PRESSED APPLE SKINS
Ryabinina E.I., Zotova E.E., Nikitina T.N., Andreeva N.A.
UDC: 663.81+547.458.2):615.458
Abstract: Objective. The development of a tableted dosage form on the basis of pressed apple skins and the investigation of its pharmaceutical-technological properties and sorption properties. Methods. Pressed apple skins derived after the fruit juice processing, dried by air-dry method and then powdered were used as the object of the research. The powder humidity was determined by State Standard 12597-67 method while its flowability, angle of natural slope and bulk volume were determined by General Pharmacopeia Article (GPA) 1.4.2.0016.15. Tablets from pressed apple skins powder with and without the introduction of adjuvant were manufactured by stamp pressing. Quality assessment of ready tablets was carried out according to GPA 1.4.1.0015.15 requirements by the following criteria: description, mass homogeneity and disintegration. Determination of dosage forms (powder, tablets) sorption activity towards zinc and nickel ions was performed by titration method with the use of Trilon B solution and eriochrome black T indicator. Results. Apple skins powder can be pressed without preliminary granulation but the manufactured tablets have poor processing characteristics. To eliminate such defects it is necessary to introduce some adjuvants. Developed formulation in the ratio of 0.50 g of pressed apple skins and 0.50 g of kaolin meets the pharmaceutical-technological standards towards such dosage form claimed in technological normative documents. Kaolin introduction decreases pressed apple skins sorption activity in the tablet in relation to heavy metals ions in comparison with powder-like form insignificantly (by 4% only). Conclusions. The reasonability of kaolin use as an adjuvant to obtain a tableted dosage form of pectin-containing enterosorbate was demonstrated. Its advantages are natural origin, low toxicity, raw material availability, usability, simplicity and efficiency of manufacturing technique.
Key words: яблочный жмых, сорбент, каолин, таблетка, лекарственная форма, pressed apple skins, sorbent, kaolin, tablet, dosage form