THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE TISSUE-MICROBIAL COMPLEX OF RATS SMALL INTESTINES ON ETERAL ADMINISTRATION OF AMINO ACID MIXTURES
Sheibak V.M., Nikolaeva I.V., Ostrovskaya O.B., Smirnov V.Yu., Gorshkova D.A.
UDC: 612.332.7:577.112.3-092.2
Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the amino acid and microelement composition on the morphological structure of the intestinal mucosa and the concentration of free amino acids and their derivatives in the microbial-tissue complex. After administration of amino acids compositions in the small intestine of rats, we determined free amino acids level and nitrogenous metabolites by HPLC. For the analysis of the morphological changes wall paraffin sections of small intestine were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and the content of mucopolysaccharides was evaluated by the Schick reaction. It was established that intragastric administration of mixtures containing zinc and amino acids causes mild stimulation synthesis and mucous extrusion without epithelium mucous developing function. The administration differently affects the levels of free amino acids in the microbial- tissue complex of the small intestine.
Key words: аминокислоты, тонкий кишечник, метаболизм, крысы, amino acids, small intestine, metabolism, rat
INVESTIGATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE SACRUM
Merenkov V.G., Yulin V.S.
UDC: 611.711.7+616.007.19
Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of 149 human sacral bones from burial places of the XIII-XVII centuries found during archeological digs in the central part of Smolensk in 2000-2010 was carried out at the Department of Human Anatomy of SSMU. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of anomalies of the sacrum in the medieval inhabitants of Smolensk, and to compare it with the frequency established for other territories and other historical periods. The study of the 149 sacral bones revealed 15 samples of lumbar vertebrae sacralisation, 5 samples of lumbalisation and 19 cases of changing the number of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. One case revealed splitting bifida, in 74% (109) of cases normal structure of the sacrum was established. These data indicate that the incidence of lumbalisation, sacralization, changing the number of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae corresponds to the data of other authors obtained both in the study of the archaeological material and X-ray examination of the XX century. At the same time, the incidence of cleft arches of sacral vertebrae revealed in our study was lower than that obtained by S.A. Rheinberg in radiological studies carried out in the 30-ies. in Leningrad, but strictly complying to the findings obtained in the extensive archaeological study according to D. Ortner.
Key words: крестец, сакрализация, люмбализация, sacrum, sacralisation, lumbalisation
EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDED FOR PATIENTS WITH AN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME WITHOUT ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION
Shkitin S.O., Bereznikov A.V., Shkitin V.A., Lebedeva A.M., Onufriychuk Y.O., Alibuttaeva M.A.
UDC: 616.127-005.8
Abstract: Expert opinions to examine the quality of medical care in cases of provision of specialized medical care for patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation (ACS without ST-segment elevation) were analyzed to identify the typical defects and study their impact of the outcome. Defects of performing biochemical blood analysis, endovascular procedures, direct anticoagulants and nitrates administration have an impact on the formation of an unfavorable outcome no matter whether it is a single or a complex defect. We developed a method for assessing the consequences for the patient's health in providing health care with a variety of defects with the use of accumulated informative indicators in every single case in comparison with its intervals, which are characterized by different probabilities of unfavorable outcomes: if the values of the accumulated event information content are over 0.311 and 1.104 the risks of adverse outcome can be >20.0% and >80.0% respectively. The use of the proposed method in the examination of the quality of medical care for patients with ACS without ST-segment elevation allows to confirm cases of subjective assessment of an expert by objective data.
Key words: экспертиза качества медицинской помощи, ишемическая болезнь сердца, острый коронарный синдром, examination of quality of medical care, coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome
ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Khokhlova Yu.A., Aldokhina E.O., Dudoladova Yu.I.
UDC: 616.125+615.22
Abstract: The study of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation was conducted ambulatory and in hospital. The study included 96 patients with atrial fibrillation. They were treated in the First Cardiology Department of Emergency Hospital and in the Cardiology Department of Clinical Hospital №1 in Smolensk. The risk of stroke and thromboembolic complications according to the scale of CHA2DS2VASc and the risk of bleeding according to the scale of HAS-BLED was assessed. The study revealed that a high risk of stroke and thromboembolic complications was detected in 93.8% of patients, a high risk of bleeding - in 31.3% of patients. At the same time, oral anticoagulants were taken only by 30.2% outpatients and 64.6% patients in hospital. As a rule outpatients took warfarin. New oral anticoagulants were appointed usually in the hospital. Insufficient administration of oral anticoagulants was probably associated with difficulties of adequate hypocoagulation control in outpatient and with a high cost of new oral anticoagulants.
Key words: фибрилляция предсердий, тромбоэмболические осложнения, антитромботи-ческая терапия, пероральные антикоагулянты, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolic complications, antithrombotic therapy, oral anticoagulants
ACUTE BRADYARRHYTHMIAS COMPLICATED FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND THEIR PREDICTION
Osmolovsky A.N.
UDC: 616.12-008.313
Abstract: The study analyzed the spectrum and clinical course of acute bradyarrhythmias in 235 patients with myocardial infarction. We found out that the course of myocardial infarction in 10.3% of cases was complicated by a wide range of "true" bradyarrhythmias from expressed bradycardia to asystole of the heart ventricles. In 72.6% of cases, bradyarrhythmias were consistently alternating from lighter to heavier forms and vice versa, while 2.4% of cases resulted in death of the patient. Among the survivors in 64% of cases "true" bradyarrhythmias are transient, while 36% are preserved after discharge from hospital. Based on logit-regression analysis we developed a model of "true" bradyarrhythmias prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction.The prediction model was applied in 89 patients with myocardial infarction and a group of individuals (n = 64) with a greater probability of development of "true" bradyarrhythmias was identified. The sensitivity of the model was 84.4% and specificity - 80%. The patients with bradyarrhythmias development threat were ready to be performed the puncture temporary stimulation of the heart.
Key words: брадиаритмии, инфаркт миокарда, bradyarrhythmias, myocardial infarction
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WOUND PROCESS IN THE BURN WOUND AT THE COMBINED INJURY
Soloshenko V.V.
UDC: 616-001.17-092.9-018-08
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of combined injuries on the course of wound healing in burn wounds on the basis of morphological data of the experimental research. The study was performed on experimental animals - 16 white rats. The animals of the main group had a combined injury in the form of a contact burn of III degree and a closed fracture of the femur. In the control group the animals had the similar thermal injury. Biopsy from burn wounds was taken on the 7, 9, 11 and 14 days after the application of the injury. In both groups the time of similar morphological changes in burn wounds was recorded for further comparison. In the control group rejection of the necrotic eschar AND formation of granulation tissue occurred on an average on the 7.25±0.37 day, while in the main group, such changes were observed only within 11.75±0.25 hours, which resulted in slowing the rate of proliferation of vascular networks and the development of granulation tissue. Thus, the combination of thermal and mechanical injuries results in slowing by 1.62 times of the proliferative phase of burn wound in comparison with isolated thermal trauma. Based on the identified violations of wound healing process, it is advisable to accelerate angiogenesis in the wound, as well as to activate fibroblast function to develop granulation tissue, and epithelialization of the preserved skin derivatives.
Key words: раневой процесс, комбинированная травма, ожог, wound process, combined trauma, burn
MINIINVASIVE APPROACHES IN HERNIOPLASTICA OF UNCOMPLICATED UMBILICAL HERNIAS
Alibegov R.A., Melkonyan S.S.
UDC: 617.55-007.43
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the results of hernioplasty in patients with uncomplicated umbilical hernias of different sizes, operated from the open and laparoscopic approaches. The article presents the results of the surgical treatment of 55 patients. The 1st group consisted of patients operated through the open transumbilical (n=30) approach. The 2nd group consisted of patients operated on laparoscopically (n=25). Comparative assessment of the two groups according to the postoperative pain syndrome, local infectious complications, length of hospitalization and recurrence was performed. The observation period ranged from 6 months to 5 years. The duration of surgical intervention in the 1st group was 43 min. while in the 2nd - 67 min. The severity of postoperative pain syndrome by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the group with transumbilical access on the first day was 5 points, and the second - only 2 points. The patients operated on with a laparoscopic access, on the first day experienced the pain syndrome at a score of 4 according to VAS, on the second day the pain intensity was 2 points. Local infectious complications such as seromas were identified only in the transumbilical access group (3.3%). The duration of hospital stay of the patients was 6 and 5 days in the 1st and 2nd groups respectively. Relapse was detected only in one patient (3,3%) operated on through a transumbilical access. It was concluded that the transumbilical access in the treatment of uncomplicated umbilical hernias of small and medium sizes is an alternative laparoscopic access. It was established that in the treatment of large uncomplicated umbilical hernias the laparoscopic access is preferable.
Key words: неосложненные пупочные грыжи, чреспупочный доступ, лапароскопический доступ, uncomplicated umbilical hernia, transumbilical access, laparoscopic access
CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC AND OTHER COMORBIDES DISEASES
Vitchuk A.V., Meshkova R.Y., Kovrigina N.V., Aksenova S.A., Slabkaya E.V., Volkova E.V., Bityutskaya V.V.
UDC: 616.514:616-097
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of various comorbid diseases - atopic diseases (allergic rhinitis, atopic asthma), other types of urticaria (cholinergic, symptomatic dermographism, cold and heat urticaria), gastrointestinal tract diseases and thyroid diseases on the average age of patients at the time of the manifestation of chronic spontaneous urticaria and duration of urticaria in patients. The presence of atopic diseases in patients leads to earlier manifestation of urticaria, whereas comorbid thyroid gland pathology is associated with a late onset urticaria. We did not reveal any effects of different diseases on the duration of urticaria. Our data may indicate the involvement of IgE-mediated diseases and endocrine diseases in the etiopathogenesis of spontaneous chronic urticaria.
Key words: хроническая спонтанная крапивница, аллергический ринит, атопическая бронхиальная астма, физические крапивницы, холинергическая крапивница, коморбидная патология, chronic spontaneous urticaria, allergic rhinitis, atopic asthma, physical urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, comorbidity pathology
APPROACHES TO THE ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGISTPRACTICE
Sokolov N.S., Otvagin I.V.
UDC: 616.321-002 + 616.322-002
Abstract: Acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATF) is one of the leading reasons for prescribing antibiotics in the ambulatory practice. A wide range of pathogens (different viruses, bacteria, "atypical" bacteria) makes it difficult to make etiological diagnosis and to appoint of causal treatment. It should be noted that only streptococcal etiology tonsillopharyngitis requires the administration of systemic antimicrobial agents. In this regard, of particular relevance are the techniques that allow to detect Streptococcus pyogenes from the oropharynx in a smear of the patient with clinical signs of tonsillopharyngitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test for the qualitative detection of S. pyogenes antigen in the native material - "Streptatest" (LaboratoiresDectraPharm, France), compared with a microbiological study in patients with ATF. To achieve this goal we carried out a prospective, multicenter study involving 100 children and 102 adult patients with clinical ATF. In children we found that the sensitivity and specificity of "Streptatest" were 90% and 87.5%, respectively. In adult patients, the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were higher than those of children and amounted up to 92.3% and 97.4%, respectively. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of "Streptatest", compared to the bacteriological study, this method can be used to address the issue of the administration / non-adminisrtation of systemic antibiotic therapy in children and adults with ATF.
Key words: острый тонзиллофарингит, «Стрептатест», Streptococcus pyogenes, acute tonsillopharyngitis, "Streptatest", Streptococcus pyogenes
FOLLICULAR VEGETATIVE DYSKERATOSIS (WARTY DYSKERATOMA)
Kozlov D.V., Molchanov V.V.
UDC: 616.5-003.84-055/.7-036.1
Abstract: Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is a rare neoplasm of the skin, its histological structure resembles Darier’s disease or its variant - Guiero-Hailey-Hailey disease. It is believed that WD comes from the intraepidermal portion of the merocrine sweat glands. The article describes the case of WD found on the skin of pubis in a man of 65 years of age. WD was represented by skin hardening 45×25×15 mm in size. Microscopically papillomatosis, acanthosis and marked hyperkeratosis of the epidermis were revealed in the surgical material. Inside the dermis there was an outward-open cavity and papillae covered with columnar epithelium extended into the lumen of it. Stroma of the papillae was infiltrated with lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Between the papillae at the bottom of the interpapillary recesses there was multi rowed columnar epithelium, which at the height of the papillae changed into the stratified squamous one. Thus the histogenetic source of this process is represented by the perspirtatory glands. Microscopic characteristics of the process are similar to the characteristics of follicular vegetative dyskeratosis (Guiero-Hailey-Hailey disease).
Key words: дискератома бородавчатая, новообразование кожи, потовая железа, warty dyskeratoma, skin neoplasm, sweat gland
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA DURING VAGINAL DELIVERY IN WOMEN WITH THE UTERINE SCAR AND ITS EFFECT ON THE DYNAMICS OF SUBSTANCE P AND VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE
Bozhenkov K.A., Gustovarova T.A., Vinogradov V.L., Ivanyan A.N., Fedorov G.N.
UDC: 618.4-071.5:618:514
Abstract: Aim of this scientific work was to study the safety and efficiency of the epidural analgesia during vaginal delivery in women with the uterine scar, its effect on the pain syndrome intensity and on the dynamics of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The analysis of the vaginal childbirth course in 69 patients with a scar on the uterus was carried out. In 38 patients epidural analgesia was administered during childbirth (group “A”), in 31 patients - no epidural anesthesia was administered (group “B”). The dynamics of pain syndrome (bу the visual analogue scale), the average arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide were estimated. The epidural analgesia during vaginal delivery in women with the uterine scar is an effective and safe method of analgesia providing careful monitoring of the mother and the fetus through the delivery course. The epidural analgesia has no effect on the concentration dynamics of the mentioned neurotransmitters in the blood serum. Changes in the level of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide are weakly correlated with the pain syndrome dynamics (by the visual analogue scale). These data eliminate the possibility of the evaluation of the epidural analgesia adequacy via the dynamics of theses neurotransmitters.
Key words: роды, рубец на матке, эпидуральная аналгезия, субстанция Р, вазоактивный интестинальный пептид, delivery, uterine scar, epidural analgesia, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE BONE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE HOW SPECIFIC MARKERS OF BONE FORMATION AND CORRELATION OF IT WITH SERUM ZINC IN CHILDREN
Shtykova O.N., Legonkova T.I., Voytenkova O.V., Stepina T.G., Abramova E.S.
UDC: 611-018.4-053.2
Abstract: Tissue is dynamic, its formation and resorbtion continues throughout life. Ostaze determines the rate of bone formation, and participates in the maturation of the matrix and its mineralization. Zinc (Zn) that composes one atom in every active nucleus, plays an important role in the functioning of the bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. The aim of this work was to study the clinical value of bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ostaze) and to identify its relationship with the level of Zn in blood serum. The study included 102 children. Serum zinc was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Determination of serum ostaze was conducted by enzyme immunoassay using SEB09 1 Hu test systems. The study revealed that Zn levels in serum correlates with the growth of the child (r=0.47), with p<0.05 and a specific marker of bone formation, alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme - ostaze (r=0.65) at p<0.05. The average ostaze rate in children with zinc deficiency was significantly lower (2.64±0.75 mkg/l) than in children with a sufficient level of Zn (3.78±1.29 mkg/l), at p<0.01.
Key words: цинк, дефицит цинка, рост, костная масса, биоимпедансометрия, костный изофермент щелочной фосфатазы, остаза, ультразвуковая остеоденситометрия, дети, zinc, zinc deficiency, growth, bone mass, bioimpedance, bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, ostaze, ultrasonic osteodensitometry, children
LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF TEMPERATURE PROCESSES IN ROOT CANAL OBTURATION BY VERTICAL COMPACTION OF GUTTA-PERCHA
Nikolaeva E.A., Ginali N.V., Nikolaev A.I., Adamov P.G., Galanova T.A., Danilova D.A.
UDC: 616.314-72
Abstract: The dynamics of temperature processes in root canals, the dentin of the tooth root and surrounding tissues during root canal obturation by vertical compaction of gutta-percha using the electronic thermoplagger were investigated in the laboratory. The study was performed on 40 single rooted teeth with one root canal (type I on Vertucci), removed for medical reasons. Endodontic treatment with root canal filling by vertical compaction of gutta-percha was imitated. The temperature was measured at the following locations: on the outer surface of the tooth root at a distance of 8 mm from the apex; on the outer surface of the tooth root at a distance of 5 mm from the apex; inside the root canal at a distance of 3 mm from the apex; at the apex of the tooth root in the apical foramen. Measurements were made using the K-type thermocouple. To fill the root canal, we used thermoplagger "GuttaEst-V» (Geosoft). The absence of the temperature rise up to dangerous for periradicular tissue values on the outer surface of the root were subject to the following time-temperature conditions: 200°C/15 s - when filling 5 mm of the apical part of the root canal; 160°C/30 s - when filling with portions of the heated gutta percha the middle and orifice part of the root canal; and 300°C/10 s -on cutting the protruding from the orifice gutta percha root canal fragments. Inside the root canal, the temperature rises up to the values that provides plasticization of gutta percha without its irreversible phase separation (+109.2±3.14°C).
Key words: эндодонтическое лечение, пломбирование корневых каналов, гуттаперча, термоплаггер, вертикальная компакция гуттаперчи, endodontic treatment, root canal obturation, gutta-percha, down-pack plugger, vertical compaction of gutta-percha
LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF THE QUALITY OF ROOT CANALS OBTURATION WHEN USING DIFFERENT OBTURATION TECHNIQUES
Nikolaeva E.A., Ginali N.V., Nikolaev A.I., Guseva S.V., Perlina Zh.V., Galanova T.A.
UDC: 616.314-085
Abstract: A comparative study of the quality of the filling of root canals when using different obturation techniques currently used in the practice of endodontics in the laboratory was conducted. Laboratory research was conducted on 100 single-root canal teeth (type I on Vertucci) removed for medical reasons. Dental root canals were expanded by machine rotary NiTi instruments «ProTaper» (Dentsply Maillefer) to the file F2, irrigated and dried. Obturation of root canals was carried by one of the following methods: "one point" technique; lateral compaction of cold gutta-percha; vertical compaction of heated gutta-percha; heated α-gutta-percha on a carrier; hybrid technology (a combination of lateral and vertical compaction). The quality of filling the root canal was assessed by 4-point scale (0-1-2-3) with radiographs and on the basis of the analysis of transverse sections of the roots of teeth at a distance of 3 mm and 8 mm from the apex. According to the laboratory testing, using heated gutta-percha the quality of filling root canals exceeds the results of the "cold" obturation techniques: using the method of "one-pin", even when using the calibrated cone gutta-percha points, echoing the shape and size of the master-file, any defects in filling the root canal revealed at 67,5±1,95% of thin; with lateral compaction of cold gutta-percha - by 22.5±1.52% of the thin section, but with this method, there is a fairly high risk of root dentin crack (32.5±1,41% of observations). Root canal obturation with heated gutta-percha is more efficient: on thin sections of teeth, sealed by vertical compaction, defects were found in 12.5±0.79%, the hybrid technology - in 7.5±0.23%, the heated gutta percha on a carrier - in 15.0±0.02% of cases.
Key words: эндодонтическое лечение, пломбирование корневых каналов, гуттаперча, метод «одного штифта», латеральная компакции гуттаперчи, вертикальная компакция гуттаперчи, гибридная техника пломбирования корневых каналов, пломбирование корневых каналов термопластифицированной α-гуттаперчей на носителе, endodontic treatment, root canal obturation, gutta-percha, "one point" technique, lateral compaction of gutta-percha, vertical compaction of gutta-percha, hybrid technology of root canal obturation, root canal obturation by heated α-gutta-percha on a carrier
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AMONG WOMEN WITH PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE
Ignatieva R.E., Gustovarova T.A., Babich E.N., Krukovskiy A.S.
UDC: 618.11-008.6:616.1+615.361
Abstract: This work includes a literature review, dedicated to the violation of the functional activity of the vascular endothelium in women with premature ovarian failure (POF). POF - is a complex of syndromes including secondary hypergonadotrophic amenorrhea, infertility and hypoestrogenism symptoms in patients under the age of 40 years. The disease is accompanied by the formation of vascular endothelial dysfunction, which leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases in young women, if they do not follow hormone replacement therapy. This is due to a decrease in anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects of estrogen as a result of the extinction of the ovarian function. In order to overcome infertility, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are used in this group of patients. During the superovulation, which is an integral part of ART, the endothelial dysfunction caused by a high hormonal load that accompanies the entire induced cycle develops. In this connection, the study of the functional activity of the vascular endothelium in women with premature ovarian failure, including those who come into the reproductive function realization program, seems to be promising, as it will allow to develop a new diagnostic approach in the examination of this group of patients in the future.
Key words: преждевременная недостаточность яичников, бесплодие, эндотелиальная дисфункция, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, premature ovarian failure, infertility, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases
ADAPTATION FACTORS TO DENTURES AND POSSIBILITY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL REGULATION
Pozhilova E.V., Evseeva O.A., Novikov V.E., Evseev A.V.
UDC: 616.314-76:615.035.1
Abstract: Local and systemic factors have an impact on the process of the patient adaptation to dentures. The aim of the study was the analysis of systemic factors influencing the adaptation process development and possibilities of its pharmacological regulation. The data about the influence of the type of higher nervous activity on the adaptation process to removable dentures, and chronophysiologic features of adaptation reactions formation are represented. The analysis of pilot results and clinical trials of drugs from different pharmacological groups with their local and systemic administration influence on the adaptation parameters to dental constructions were performed. The efficacy of the medicinal remedies applied with this purpose providing stress-protective action, as well as drugs with antioxidative and antihypoxic activities were revealed.
Key words: зубные протезы, адаптация к стоматологическим конструкциям, фармакологическая регуляция адаптации, dentures, adaptation to dental constructions, pharmacological regulation of adaptation
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE RECREATIONAL TERRITORIES OF LARGE CITIES ACCORDING TO NOISE FACTOR
Gorodkov A.V., Samokhova N.A., Atroshchenko A.M., Bulkhov N.A.
UDC: 712.253
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the acoustic mode of green areas and study the effectiveness of noise-reducing green space by the factor of noise pollution of the surrounding areas. In the investigated objects located in the city of Bryansk, the equivalent noise level was determined with special equipment according to the reference alignment grid with sides of 20-50 m. According to the obtained and statistically processed data on the scheme of the territories, we developed the noise map in the form of contours of the equal level. To evaluate the acoustic properties of green spaces we used model bands located outside of the urban environment with a wide variation of biometric characteristics. The analysis of the maps shows that the noise level at the boundaries of the territory with transport routes is in the range of 60-75 dBA at the traffic volume of 1200-2300 auto/hour. It was revealed that a vast majority of areas (90.5%) are situated in the zone of acoustic discomfort. We found that when using noise-reducing green space, the acoustic parameters of parkland undergo significant changes. The total area with no exceeding level of noise over 65-90% significantly increases. In the planning nodes of parks, most sensitive to the acoustic climate (children's area and quiet rest territory) we did not observe any excess noise. The conclusion about the necessity of inclusion of peripheral and separating noise safety green space in the planning structure of the recreational areas was made.
Key words: городские зеленые зоны, парки, скверы, автотранспортный шум, акустический режим, шумозащитная эффективность, периметральная защитная полоса, urban green areas, parks, squares, transportation noise, acoustic mode, noise efficiency, perimeter security strip
THE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS ABRASIVE FACTORS ON THE SURFACE MICRORELIEF OF LIGHT-CURED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Birjukova M.A., Nikolaev A.I., Adamov P.G., Petrova E.V., Nesterova M.M.
UDC: 616.314-083
Abstract: The effect of different therapeutic and preventive abrasive factors on the surface microtexture and "dry gloss" of dental composite restoration materials was investigated in the laboratory. The influence of composite materials on surface microtexture was compared according to the following factors: aquapneumokinetic treatment (Air-Flow Handy 2+) using three types of abrasive powder (sodium bicarbonate / 65 µm; glycine / 65 µm; glycine / 25 µm) and the effects that imitate individual oral hygiene: manual medium hardness toothbrush and Oral B 3D White brush head, using the electric toothbrush Oral B PC 5000, with medium abrasiveness toothpaste. Evaluation of microroughness values of surface microtexture of composite materials samples by profilometry using the apparatus «Surtronic 10 R» (Rank Taylor Hobson Ltd) was performed. It was found that the aqua-pneumo-kinetic process and toothbrushing using a manual toothbrush of medium hardness and toothpaste abrasion of the surface of the composite materials provide the following microroughness values: aquapneumokinetic processing based on the powder of sodium bicarbonate (65 µm) - 2.2±0.14 µm (p<0.001), glycine-based powder (65 µm) - 3.2±0.12 µm (p<0.001), glycine-based powder (25 µm) - 1,0±0.09 µm (p<0.001); cleaning with Oral-B PRO EXPERT Massager manual toothbrush with medium abrasiveness toothpaste - 0,6±0,09 µm (p<0.001). This size of microroughness on the surface of the composite materials (>0,5 µm) is the objective evidence of the loss of the "dry shine" and the deterioration of the aesthetic characteristics of dental restorations. When processing the cleaning nozzle Oral B 3D White using an electric toothbrush Oral B PC 5000 and medium abrasiveness toothpaste the numerical values of surface microtexture of composite materials are at the same level - 0,3±0,10 µm (p> 0.05), that complies to the "dry gloss" of the surface. It was concluded that the aquapneumokinetic process with cleaning powders of varying degrees of abrasiveness and cleaning teeth with manual toothbrush of medium hardness with medium abrasiveness toothpaste applied to the surface of light-cured composite materials, used for aesthetic restoration of teeth, causes abrasion and loss of "dry shine". Cleaning of light-curing composites surface by Oral B PC 5000 electric toothbrush with a cleaning nozzle Oral B 3D White toothpaste and medium abrasiveness toothpaste ensures its "dry gloss" as well as the surface micro-roughness on the numerical values of surface microtexture less than 0.5 µm.
Key words: композитные реставрационные материалы, эстетическая реставрация зубов, гигиена полости рта, профилометр, электрические зубные щетки, Oral B 3D White, Oral B PC 5000, аквапневмокинетическая обработка, Air-Flow, composite restorative materials, aesthetic dental restoration, oral hygiene, roughness, electric toothbrushes, Oral B 3D White, Oral B PC 5000, aqua-pneumo-kinetic handling, Air-Flow
ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC SITUATION AND ESTIMATION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS SPREAD RISKS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE SMOLENSK REGION
Torshina I.E., Vorobeva P.I.
UDC: 616.97-053.2 (470.332)
Abstract: The article describes 11982 cases of first diagnosed STDs during 2009-2013. Every year in all age groups of children and teenager population in Smolensk region the cases of STDs were registered. Assessment of the risk factors among children and teenagers in the Smolensk region was carried out. The survey data evidences the informational problems with children and teenagers. Statistical data of STDs analysis obtained as compared to the survey data stipulate the necessity to introduce educational programs concerning STDs prevention to the environment of young people of the Smolensk region with the enrollment of dermatovenerology experts.
Key words: инфекции, передаваемые половым путем, эпидемиология, сексуальное поведение, профилактика инфекций, sexually transmitted infections, epidemiology, sexual behavior, prevention of infections