AN ADDRESS TO READERS OF THE JOURNAL
Otvagin I.V.
Abstract: An address of the editor-in-chief to readers of the journal.
SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY. ITS PAST AND PRESENT
Otvagin I.V., Kozyrev O.A.
UDC: 61:378(07.07)
Abstract: Stages of the development of the Smolensk State Medical Academy as one of the leading Russian medical institutions are observed in the article.
Key words: Смоленская государственная медицинская академия, образовательный процесс, кафедра, медицинская наука, Smolensk State Medical Academy, educational process, department, medical science
THE GLORIOSUS HISORY PAGES: TO THE SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY ANNIVERSARY
Ostapenko V.M., Nagornaya S.V.
UDC: 61(091)
Abstract: Smolensk State Medical Academy (SSMA) is celebrating its 95 anniversary. Established in 1920 as the Medical Faculty of the Smolensk State University, she has passed a difficult path of development, successfully overcame the difficulties and problems of economic and political reforms, the effects of the Great Patriotic War, reorganizations high school, has accumulated rich experience in research, teaching and clinical activities. Over the years, here the work of several generations of scientists who were mostly graduates of our university. Their efforts to strengthen the authority and reputation of the Academy. Currently SSMA is a major scientific and educational center.
Key words: медицинская академия, медицинский факультет, медицинский институт, высшее медицинское образование, научно-педагогические кадры, Medical Academy, Medical Faculty, Medical University, higher medical education, scientific and pedagogical specialists
SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY IN IMPLEMENTING THE SCIENTIFIC PLATFORM OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT
Otvagin I.V., Bekezin V.V., Petrov V.S.
UDC: 61.04
Abstract: The article describes the main research projects conducted by scientists from the Smolensk State Medical Academy in the implementation of two scientific platforms (2012-2014). In the years 2015-2017 Smolensk State Medical Academy is planning to participate in the implementation of research projects of the five scientific platforms.
Key words: Смоленская государственная медицинская академия, научная деятельность, стратегия развития медицинской науки, Smolensk State Medical Academy, scientific
RESULTS OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY FOR THE YEARS 2010-2014
Otvagin I.V., Bekezin V.V., Petrov V.S.
UDC: 61.04
Abstract: The article describes the main achievements in scientific research and innovation in the Smolensk State Medical Academy over the past 5 years. The article categories: training of scientific personnel, the implementation of research projects within the framework of grants, the work society of young scientists and dissertation councils.
Key words: Смоленская государственная медицинская академия, научная деятельность, Smolensk State Medical Academy, scientific activity
STRUCTURAL, METABOLIC AND FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCES IN THE LIVER OF RATS WITH TETRACHLORMETHANE-INDUCED HEPATOSOHEPATITIS AND THEIR CORRECTION BY «TAUCIN»
Pashko A.U., Bartosh A.N., Bushma M.I.
UDC: 616.36-002-085.015.2:548.736.36]-092.9
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the hepatoprotective action of combination of taurine with zinc diaspartate ("taucin") in rats with tetrachlormethane-induced hepatosohepatitis. In experiments on 24 outbred male rats by morphological and histochemical studies of the liver and blood biochemical studies it was shown that inserted into the stomach tetrachlormethane (2 ml/kg - 5 doses) causes liver damage. It is accompanied by the appearance of areas of lipid and protein dystrophy, areas of necrosis of the liver parenchyma, leukocyte infiltration; inhibition of activity of SDH (succinate dehydrogenase) and increase in activity of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) in hepatocytes; increase in activity of ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (γ-glutamyltranspeptidase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), the content of total bilirubin and its unconjugated fraction in the plasma; inhibition of function of protein synthesis in the liver. "Taucin" (500 mg/kg/day - 9 doses), inserted into the stomach, has weakened manifestation of tetrachlormethane-induced hepatosohepatitis.
Key words: крысы, тетрахлорметановый гепатозогепатит, комбинация таурина с цинка диаспартатом, гепатозащитное действие, rats, tetrachlormethane-induced hepatosohepatitis, combination of taurine with zinc diaspartate, hepatoprotective action
PROMISING SHORT FLAX FIBER AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRESSINGS
Frolova A.V., Smyslov G.I., Moryganov A.P., Dubina I.N.
UDC: 615.28:582.682:616.9-089
Abstract: This paper presents the results of pre-clinical study of the biological activity of the Belarusian made short flax fiber wool medical and flax-viscose antimicrobial linen non-woven fabrics with a basis weight of 60 g/m and 217 g/m . To make the antimicrobial effect of flax-containing sorbents treated with silver nanoparticles, the formation of which was carried out cost-effective methods of using environmentally friendly natural compounds, including herbal infusion " PhytoMP ". A polyester curtain cloth with sputtered copper microparticles has used as a nonadgesive layer of bandages. The biological activity of the developed materials measured on major wound infection pathogens in vitro and in vivo , with the dependence of the effect is traced on the surface density of the carrier and impregnation type. Laboratory and experimentally proved promising of low-grade short flax fiber as raw material to produce innovative dressings. Found that the use of natural compounds for the formation of silver nanoparticles provides high bioactivity of non-woven fabrics. Antimicrobial effect depends on the surface density of the material and a more pronounced at 217 g/m with 70% content of flax. Using herbal infusion " PhytoMP " as a matrix for stabilizing silver zerovalent allows to halve the amount of the metal in linen non-woven sorbent, to achieve strong antimicrobial effect against S. aureus and E. coli , and purified from the wound surface to the pathogen 3.21±0.41 days, unlike control (on day 7.90±0.57 days).
Key words: антибиотикорезистентность, льняное волокно, вата, перевязочное средство, наночастицы, «ФитоМП», antibiotic resistance, flax, cotton, bandage, nanoparticles, "PhytoMP"
NEW ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT CAPABLE OF DESTROYING BIOFILMS MATRIX
Frolova A.V., Senkovich S.A., Plotnikov F.V.
UDC: 615.28:582.:616.9-089
Abstract: The aim of the study - to analyze the ability of biologically active agents that are effective against planktonic forms of microorganisms to affect the matrix of biofilms. It is shown that the herbal extract and textiles treated metal nano- and microparticles effective against planktonic forms of microorganisms may serve as a promising alternative to antibiotics due to their ability to break down biofilms matrix.
Key words: антибиотикорезистентность, биопленка, растительные извлечения, льняное волокно, наночастицы, «ФитоМП», antibiotic resistance, biofilms, herbal extracts, flax, nanoparticles, "PhytoMP"
PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF ACUTE EXOGENOUS HYPOXIA BY ANTIHYPOXANTS
Sosin D.V., Yevseyev A.V., Pravdivtsev V.A., Yevseyeva O.A.
UDC: 615.015+616-001.8
Abstract: Common mechanisms of acute exogenous hypoxia formation and ways of organism adaptation to this condition are considered in the review. The characteristics of brain bioelectrical activities and its energy metabolism during acute exogenous hypoxia are described in detail. Special attention has been devoted to the problem of acute hypoxia pharmacological correction by antihypoxants with emphasis on possibility to use metal-complex compounds including variable valence metals and nature biologically active substances as hypoxprotectors. The original data confirm high efficacy of zinc-contained metal-complex antihypoxants in acute hypoxia formation. The prospects of selenium-containing metal-complexes with zinc (II) as a center of complex molecule are noted.
Key words: острая экзогенная гипоксия, фармакологическая коррекция, антигипоксанты, энергетический обмен, acute exogenous hypoxia, pharmacological correction, antihypoxants, energy metabolism
INDEPENDENT ACQUISITION OF QUINOLONE RESISTANCE IN CLONALLY RELATED NOSOCOMIAL STRAINS OF DUE TO HYPERMUTABILITY
Kozyreva V.K., Edelstein M.V., Kozlov R.S., Tapalski D.V., Azizov I.S.
UDC: 616.12-008.331.1-053.9
Abstract: The aim of investigation - to study mechanisms of resistance to quinolones and biologic features of strains of S. Typhimurium. Every strain was identified, resistance to antibiotics was performed and mutant genes were detected. Here we report on a high incidence of quinolone resistance (43.1%) among nosocomial CTX-M-5 ESBL-producing S. Typhimurium isolates belonging to a single clonal group isolated in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. The resistance mechanism in all cases was a single point mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of DNA-gyrase subunit A (GyrA), however the discovered amino acid substitutions at GyrA positions 83 or 87 were different. The high incidence of quinolone resistance and the apparent diversity of GyrA mutations are likely explained by increased mutation rate (hypermutability) observed in all isolates of the described clonal group. It was turned out there was a high frequency of resistance to quinolones and high level of mutability.
Key words: Salmonella Typhimurium, нозокомиальные инфекции, антибиотико-резистентность, хинолоны, гипермутабельность, Salmonella Typhimurium, nosocomial infections, antimicrobial resistance, quinolones, hypermutability
CHRONIC PYLORI GASTRITIS AND ITS’ ROLE IN GASTRIC CANCER DEVELOPMENT
Tarasenka L.A., Shymanets S.V., Dudarev V.S., Zelenkevich A.S., Pereverzev V.A.
UDC: [616.33+616.342]-002.2:616.98:616.33-006.6-02
Abstract: Chronic gastritis (CG) is a condition which is characterized by chronic inflammation of mucosa and various degree of epithelial damage. Diagnosis of CG must be confirmed by morphologic examination. Histology assists in defining the etiology and in establishing prognosis of the future course of the disease. Epidemiologic data suggest that gastric cancer development depends upon distribution and intensity of inflammation and atrophy throughout the organ. Long standing Helicobacter pylori infection leads to atrophy, which is characterized by the disappearance of mucosal glands and substitution of native glands with connective tissue or with “inappropriate” type of glands, like in metaplasia or replacement of fundal glands for pyloric. The article covers modern approaches and techniques of chronic Helicobacter pylori - associated gastritis diagnosis and its connection to the development of gastric cancer. The most widely used classifications of chronic gastritis are given. Extended biopsy protocols for appropriate assessment of mucosa are discussed. The material provides identification of risk groups among patients suffering from a chronic gastritis and also various points of view at the topic of gastroscopy control necessity and schedule, as well as particular issues of screening.
Key words: хронический гастрит, рак желудка, Helicobacter pylori, chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori
THE FORMATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN THE SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL ACADEMY
Kisilyova A.N., Lopashinov P.M., Nivenitsyn E.L.
UDC: 61:378(07.07)
Abstract: The article is aimed at description of management system schemes. The process of quality management system in HEIs is presented graphically. The modern direction for improving of education quality management at the university is suggested.
Key words: схема системы управления, управляющий элемент, стандарты серии ISO, модель системы менеджмента качества в вузе, комплекс информационных и организационных технологий, management system scheme, the element "control field", ISO standards, the quality management system model in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), information technology and organizational learning